Building Maintance and social knowledge

Principle of  Knapen system : A difference of 16 °C to 24 °C is required to displace the vitiation air from a building by means of a vertical air shaft. The Knapen Tube : The method of fixing the Knapen tube in the wall. it is a simple porous tube which is fixed with its mouth inclined outwards. As the tubes are porous the moisture of penetrates inside them. Due to difference of temperature the dry air enters in the tube from its top portion as indicated by arrow. This dry air evaporates the moisture and saturated air comes out from the lower portion of the tube. This circulation of air is due to perfectly natural laws, and remains continuous till there is any moisture left in the wall.

An arch is a curved structural member consisting of a number of wedged shaped brick or stone blocks joint together with mortar and spanning on opening to support the weight above.

•         Acrylic: - Acrylic is a kind of plastic, fabric, fiber, or paint that's made from acrylic acid. •         Emulsion: - Emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable and unblendable) •           Non-staining :- Incapable of being colored by a stain (colored mark) •         Water-based: - Having water as a medium or main ingredient. •         Adhesion:- T he ability to stick. •         RMT: - Running metre •         Sagging :- Sinking or bulging downwards underweight or pressure. •         Hogging: - The shape of a beam or similar long object when loading is applied curves upwards in the middle. •         Aqueduct: -  Aqueduct are structures used to conduct a water stream across a hollow or valley.                      •         Viaduct: - A viaduct usually refers to long bridges or series of bridges connected to one another by arch bridge structures that carries a road or a railway across a val

                                       Part Of Building

Cement :-   Cement is a binding material made by wet and dry process mixed with water and aggregates  to form mortar and concrete.     Adhesive  is a Bonding material. Adhesive is used to fixed tiles on various substrata.

RCC slab Plane structural members which are used as floor and roof covering in a building. The thickness of the slabs looking is quite small as compared to other dimensions. Classification of the slab:-  On the basis of the ratio of longer span to shorter span. RCC slab classified into the following two types  One- way slab  Two-way slab One way slab:-  The slab in which the ratio of   (Ly/Lx) longer span to short span   is greater than or equal to 2 are called one-way slabs. These slabs are also called edge supported slabs Slab supported on four edges also behaves as one-way slab if the ratio of longer span to shorter span is greater than or equal to 2. In these slabs bending take place only along the shortest span. Therefore, the main reinforcement is provided along the shorter span and distribution Steel is provided along with the largest span. Reinforcement in one way slab:-  Main reinforcement:- Reinforcement is provided parallel to the shorter